![]() ![]() The most common fiber is cotton, but there are those made from wool and silk as well. ![]() The huipil is a tunic-like garment made by stitching together anywhere from one to five pieces of cloth. Description Four huipils for a figure of the Virgin of the Rosary Guatemala, Guatemala, San Juan Sacatepequez Kakchiquel Maya people 1930s cotton and silk ( Dallas Museum of Art) Stitching together two panels in Xochistlahuaca With her arms, she forms a cross and is surrounded by myth as between heaven and the underworld. She becomes the center of a symbolic world as her head passes through the neck opening. When a woman puts on a huipil, especially a ceremonial or very traditional one, it is a kind of ritual. ![]() The huipil endures in many indigenous communities, if not as an everyday garment, as one for ceremonies or special occasions. By the end of the 19th century, most Maya women had forgotten the technique of brocade weaving entirely. By the early 1800s, women began to wear undecorated huipils or European style blouses. However, the introduction of commercial fabric made this costly, and many indigenous women stopped making this fabric or making simpler versions. To this day, the most traditional huipils are made with handwoven cloth on a backstrap loom. In the same region, the huipil also evolved into a long flowing and sometimes voluminous head covering which frames the face. In some cases, the huipil became shorter, to function as a kind of blouse rather than a dress. This led to changes in the garment itself and how it was used. In addition, the huipil began to be worn with other garments, especially European skirts, during the colonial period. Some huipils, such as those from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec show Asian influence due to cloth brought from the Philippines. It is part of the collection of the Museo Nacional de Antropología. ![]() The design is dominated by an image of a double headed eagle, showing both indigenous and Spanish influence. It is made of cotton with feathers, wax and gold thread. It is exceptional not only for its age but there is none like it in any collection and it is larger than usual at 120 by 140 cm. However, carbon 14 tests date it to the 18th century. One of the oldest known huipils in existence is the " La Malinche", named such because it was believed to have been worn by La Malinche, Hernán Cortés’ interpreter as it looks much like ones in depictions of her in the Lienzo de Tlaxcala and the Florentine Codex. History The " La Malinche" huipil Huipil, 1875–1890, Warp-faced plain weave cotton, Patzun, Guatemala (probably) V&A Museum no.T.23-1931Īfter the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire and subsequent Spanish expansion, the huipil endured but it evolved, incorporating elements from other regions and Europe. Ĭuetzalan, Puebla has an annual coffee and huipil festival called Feria del Huipil y Café, which began in 1949. In Central America it is most often used among the Mayas in Guatemala. It is most often seen in the Mexican states of Chiapas, Yucatán, Quintana Roo, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Campeche, Hidalgo, Michoacán (where it is called a huanengo), Veracruz and Morelos. A characteristic item of Aztec clothing, it remains the most common female indigenous garment still in use. The huipil has been worn by indigenous Mesoamerican women of both high and low social rank since well before the Spanish invasion. Ceremonial huipils are suitable for weddings, burials, women of high rank and even to dress the statues of saints. The style of traditional huipils generally indicates the ethnicity and community of the wearer as each has its own methods of creating the fabric and decorations. However, some huipils are also made from commercial fabric.Ī huipil can vary in length from a short blouse to a garment long enough to reach the floor. Traditional huipils, especially ceremonial ones, are usually made with fabric woven on a backstrap loom and are decorated with designs woven into the fabric, embroidery, ribbons, lace, and more. It is a loose-fitting tunic, generally made from two or three rectangular pieces of fabric, which are then joined with stitching, ribbons, or fabric strips, with an opening for the head and, if the sides are sewn, openings for the arms. Huipil ( Nahuatl: huīpīlli Ch'orti': b’ujk Chuj: nip) is the most common traditional garment worn by indigenous women from central Mexico to Central America. Traditional Mexican and Central American women's garment 1950s huipil ![]()
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